Worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perspective - Essay Example As indicated by Walters, a perspective can be characterized as a way through which an individual fathoms and comprehends what is around him this implies one’s perspective basically incorporates viewpoints, for example, reality, feelings, cognizance just as a person’s capacity to offer importance to or decipher the happenings of the world (33). An agnostic perspective advances the idea of â€Å"naturalism† as its establishment; this thought proposes that the world we see around us is everything that matters (Walters 36). Thusly, secularism doesn't advocate the presence of any extraordinary or magical elements nor does it trust in any type of mysticism. Baggini takes note of that the meaning of skepticism is especially direct †it is a trustworthiness which says that there is no God (4). From this conviction stem a few thoughts, as indicated by which it is comprehended that there is in reality no eternal life and thus, no paradise or damnation (Baggini 6). Alon g these lines, when a person kicks the bucket that is an incredible finish; secularism doesn't bolster the presence of spirits or magical spirits. The most significant inquiry that emerges anyway is that, if there is no heavenly maker or Supreme Being, how might a skeptic clarify the idea of the universe? Dawkins contends that just depending on the hypothesis that the unpredictability of living creatures is a proof of God isn't sufficient. Truth be told, advancement by regular choice ably explains the intricacy of every single living creation which thus characterizes the idea of the universe (Dawkins). Baggini sees that there exists a general discernment which infers that since agnosticism discredits the presence of God, thus, a skeptical perspective may likewise challenge ethical quality and not hold trust in doing great and regarding others (5). Be that as it may, that isn't the situation. While, skepticism sees the presence of a celestial maker contrarily, it doesn't advocate neg ativity in different aspects of life (Baggini 5). A sound and strong childhood that is guided with and molded by instruction creates and improves an individual’s capacity to reason, think and recognize good and bad, in this manner, imparting ethics and morals to keep throughout everyday life. Baggini contends that not at all like a person who follows religion, an agnostic is often barraged with questions, for example, on the off chance that there is no God, at that point what is the importance of life? While, it is accepted that the strict don't have issues in characterizing the motivation behind life (84). The significance, point and motivation behind life is to be upbeat, prosperous and fulfilled all through one’s presence, it is to live without any second thoughts or frustrations. In correlation with a skeptical perspective, a Christian perspective envelops the fuse and mix of the lessons of Jesus Christ and the Bible into one’s life. As indicated by Goheen a nd Bartholomew the religion of Christianity requires an adherent to keep a Christocentric conviction framework that extensively covers every single part of a follower’s life (14). In this manner, a Christian perspective is revolved around tolerating the lessons of Jesus Christ, achieving salvation and recognizing the idea of the universe as guided by the Old Testament’s standpoint of creation (Goheen and Bartholomew 14). A few conspicuous essayists on the idea of the Christian perspective have recommended that unbiased and discerning human thinking which isn't banned by any assumptions or thoughts is destined to agree with Christian philosophies (Goheen and Bartholomew 16) as opposed to supporting any conflicting convictions. Be that as it may, observers who put stock in this thought have neglected to introduce logical proof and coherent contentions to help their

Brick Support Tower Free Essays

The group believed that to have the option to have a solid structure, the pinnacle must have support on its edges (or corners). Beside offering help, the columns would give the pinnacle the fundamental stature to lift the blocks a few creeps starting from the earliest stage. The group concocted just one plan, and couldn't conceptualize some other structure in light of the time imperatives. We will compose a custom paper test on Block Support Tower or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The group fabricated a block bolster tower utilizing just five (5) bits of note cards and a portion of the tape. Four of the five note cards had their short end sides slice to place cuts into them. The cuts were made to have a method of interlocking the cards. The note cards were then overflowed with their long side to frame chambers. The fifth card was set in the center covering the four standing chambers, with one chamber remaining in each side of the fifth note card. The group didn’t have any thought with respect to what number of blocks will it have the option to help. Due to the brief timeframe distributed, the group couldn't use the rest of the note cards to assemble what could have been the following layer of the pinnacle. Reasonable Development The plan that the group used gave solid segments, supporting the heaviness of the fifth note card, and furthermore, the heaviness of the stacking. In any case, the structure end up being powerless in the center part in light of the fact that no help was given. Once more, because of the time requirements, the gathering couldn't concoct different structures. The group just utilized the principal thing that struck a chord, and quickly, set out to set up the note cards for that plan. Results and Discussion The group was just ready to think of a one-level structure of a pinnacle. After development, the group promptly continued with testing the quality and soundness of their structure. The pinnacle was just ready to hold the heaviness of one block. The structure ended up being feeble in the center part in view of no additional help. Another chamber could have bolstered the center part, where the focal point of gravity is found and hence, putting more pressure and prompting inevitable listing of the center note card. Accomplishing the best list for a pinnacle supporting at least one blocks was the objective of this action. The presentation file can be figured by duplicating the good ways from the floor to the base of the most reduced block (stature in inches) with the quantity of blocks that was bolstered. The team’s design’s execution record is __, which was determined utilizing the tallness estimated duplicated by 1 (just a single block was upheld). Given that the pinnacle was just single-layered. The file is moderately high. Suggestions and Closure The structure could have bolstered more blocks if just a greater amount of the note cards were folded into chambers and utilized as base. In spite of the fact that the structure is single-layered, the presentation file could even now be higher on the grounds that more blocks will be bolstered. Another methodology would have been building a higher structure from the note cards (around two layers) yet the quantity of blocks it might have the option to hold will stay one. The group ought to have concocted a few structures and thoroughly considered cautiously which among their plans should they use. Obviously, the plan must be something that is solid but then, simple to do, given the constrained time portion. The most effective method to refer to Brick Support Tower, Papers

Some Thoughts on the Popularity of Traditional Lebanese Diet Essay Samples

Some Thoughts on the Popularity of Traditional Lebanese Diet Essay SamplesNow that the Lebanese dining experience has been increasingly spoiled for our taste buds, it is comforting to know that there are still traditional and healthy ways to enjoy a sumptuous meal. One of the great things about this type of meal is that it is not only satisfying on the food-attention level, but also provides the right level of vitamins and minerals to the body and mind. One of the top factors in the enjoyment of this type of meal is that a traditional Lebanese diet essay sample will typically be delicious, but not overpowering or stressful to the stomach.Consider a few of the many restaurants in London serving Lebanese cuisine, and you will find that these establishments vary widely in the types of meals served, as well as their costs, and quality of the food. However, all have some common elements.Traditionally, the foods served as part of a Lebanese meal include stews, rice, and salads. Steamed veg gies or fruits are common additions to the stews. The dessert menu is equally varied, featuring both dessert items and desserts that can be paired with the main meal.Another popular meal that is served is that of chicken. This type of chicken is usually served as part of the entree, although sometimes the portions can be substantial enough to offer the diner a complete meal. Any chicken that is served as part of a meal is normally served whole or as a quarter or half a chicken. Often, fish such as bass or scallops will be served as part of the main course.The traditional Lebanese diet essay sample will generally consist of two main dishes, as well as an appetizer or a side dish. These main dishes will have as their main ingredients things such as vegetables, or grains, or dairy products. At most, the additional ingredients will come in the form of beans or lentils.The soups and sauces will come in a wide variety of different flavors, as well as colors. As a result, a culinary experi ence such as this one is truly a once-in-a-lifetime kind of thing, and something that will have lifelong personal benefits to its recipients.Red peppers are also very popular ingredients, and will often make up the majority of the meal. Often, the amount of spices that are added to a dish will also depend on the culture and the preferences of the individual serving the meal. This can be seen with the Moroccan recipes that the Berbers tend to be used to.As a result, many local cuisines around the world offer up traditional Lebanese diet essay samples that are very diverse in flavor and texture. It is only through looking at this enormous variety of dishes and studying the ingredients that make them up, that anyone can truly understand just how extensive and culturally rich the typical meal of a typical Lebanese meal is.

The Dark And Seldom Discussed Crudeness Of Slavery Essay

The dark and seldom discussed crudeness of slavery is often masked by euphemisms to avoid expressing the true damage it inflicts. This veil is lifted as Toni Morrison successfully attempts to inform readers in realistic detail of the animal like treatment that the black population endured in her novel, Beloved. Through explicit scenes of abuse as well as character recollections of memories once locked away, audiences are given an insight into the torture that convinced black slaves that they were nothing more than animals. Firstly, schoolteacher ensures that future generations continue the white racist agenda of ridding the black population of their human traits. Secondly, the inhumane treatment of slaves by the white masters is returned through animal like behavior. Finally, the suffering endured at Sweet Home challenged the slaves’ most valued qualities. The dehumanizing treatment of slaves leads to the deterioration of their identities. The white slave owner at Sweet Home, schoolteacher, makes a point to pass on racist outlooks to the future generation of slave owners, divesting the black population of any sense of humanity. Through comparative analysis, schoolteacher lectures his nephews on the similarities between animals and black slaves. He instructs them to determine the resemblances in the following quotation: â€Å"No, no. That’s not the way. I told you to put her human characteristics on the left; her animal ones on the right. And don’t forget to line

The No Child Left Behind Act - 874 Words

Under the most current statewide mandates of the No Child Left behind Act (NCLBA) (Bush, 2001) educators in the public school system must raise the bar for teaching. This means teaching classroom lessons to effectively educate all styles of learning and bringing students to proficient levels of being educated. Schools are expected to meet these challenges by hiring qualified teachers who are well trained and educated to instruct daily assignments for students. In March of 2010, the Obama Administration sent to Congress a reform amendment of the public schools, NCLBA, to help close some achievement gaps. President Obama has called on Congress to fix the laws to benefit and prepare all students for college or career readiness. One key issue that might assist Obama and Congress is the ability to realize the diverse types of learning styles per student. For example, all students do not test well under pressure which mean some type of plan needs to be set-up for those students to take a test instead letting them slide thought the system uneducated. In my opinion, if a disable or delayed student can remember the lyrics to a rap song. Then he or she can remember test information presented by audio or in the form of music. A student with behavioral issues might not be able to sit thought an entire lesson or test, but giving them lessons on audio in class would probably be a great idea for holding their attention for learning. Also, another idea is maybe giving the test toShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the a ct, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

Cima Mountaineering, Inc. - 5792 Words

MARK 60013 Case Study #1: Cima Mountaineering, Inc. Markus Decker Kevin Dulac Erik Frank Chad Mays 09/24/2002 Introduction In this case study, our team examines the decisions facing a small western mountain boot manufacturing company, Cima Mountaineering, Inc. This paper will provide a brief overview of the case, including a quick background perspective of the company. We will present the two options given in the case, and examine the four possible alternatives, which exist as possible solutions to the company’s dilemma. For each possible outcome, we will provide detailed analysis of each alternative evaluated against various criteria. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, an overall conclusion will be†¦show more content†¦Briefly, the following criteria used are: †¢ Strategic Fit – How does the alternative fit within Cima’s existing company strategy? †¢ Product Advantages – What are the unique benefits? †¢ Market Forecast – What is the outlook for growth and market share? †¢ Distinctive Capabilities – What are the unique aspects of each alternative? †¢ Production Capacity – How will Cima address capacity issues for these alternatives? †¢ Market Coverage – What is the market penetration? †¢ Market Segment Targeting – What is the method for targeting specific market segments? †¢ Positioning – How is does each alternative position Cima within the market? †¢ Distribution – How will distribution and value chain issues be addressed? †¢ Pricing – What is the pricing strategy for each alternative? †¢ Advertising and Sales Promotion – How will promotion of new products change? †¢ Net Present Value – which alternative is most favorable from a financial standpoint? Strategic Fit Within the context of the Company’s vision at the time of this case, Anthony’s proposal to add two new products to the existing Summit hiking boot line is well within the existing company strategy: high quality products aimed at a very specific market segment. Margaret’s proposal to introduce a third lower cost â€Å"weekender† product line means that the company must deviate from their traditional productShow MoreRelatedEssay Cima Mountaineering Inc916 Words   |  4 PagesSituation Analysis: Cima Mountaineering, Inc. is a company that manufactures mountaineering and hiking boots for mountaineers and serious hikers. The company mainly manufactures two classic kinds of leather boots- Glacier boots for mountaineering and Summit boots for Hiking. Although the demand for mountaineering and hiking boots has increased in 1994, only serious mountaineers and hikers are interested in their boots and the demand is seasonal, while the foreign competitors target both seriousRead MoreEssay about CIMA Mountaineering, Inc Case Study1005 Words   |  5 PagesStatement CIMA Mountaineering, Inc. is a company manufacturing in hiking and mountaineering boots for beginner to experience hikers. CIMA sales and profit had grown steadily within the last several years. However, CIMA growth is beginning to slow down as a result of foreign market and changing market. The company is under consideration of two marketing proposals, these two marketing proposals will discuss about marketing strategies for increasing sales and profits of the company. CIMA Mountaineering, IncRead MoreMarketing Cima Mountaineering Case Study1940 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Cima’s current situation? After the renovation of Cima mountaineering, Inc. in 1990, they started with $ 13 million revenues, with profit margin of 4.01%. The next 3 years witnessed a continuous increase in sales and revenues. Their profit margin increased to reach 4.97% by year 1992. They reached an all time high sales and revenues in 1995 of $20 million; however their profit margin decreased to 4.27%. Cima mountaineering, Inc. has been growing steadily the sales by a significant percentage

Contract Law Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd - Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theContract Law for Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction As a result of the facts that have been provided in this question, it needs to be decided if the promise made by Richard's father, according to which he was going to pay $200 per week to Richard can be enforced in a court of law. This issue can be determined by considering if the essential elements that are required for creating a valid contract are present in this case, including the intention of the parties to form a legal relationship. The position under the contract law is that the presence of certain elements is essential in order to create a valid contract. In this context, a valid contract can be described as an agreement that can be enforced by the law. These elements include offer, acceptance, lawful consideration and at the same time, it is required that the parties should have the intention that they should form a legal relationship. It is one of the essential elements, that is necessary for forming a valid contract that such intention to the present one part of the parties to the agreement. This requirement has been introduced so that it can be established that the parties intended to accept the legal consequences of entering into the agreement. Therefore in such cases, according to the law of contract, the evidence regarding the intention of the parties to enter into a legal relationship is generally demonstrated by establishing that consideration is present (Atiyah, 2000). The result is that if a particu lar thing has been specified by the promisor as the price that has to be paid in return of the promise, under the contract, generally it can be said that it was the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the promise. However, it needs to be mentioned in this regard that the requirement to establish the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the agreement is an independent requirement. As a result this element needs to be established separately. Consequently, in some cases it is possible that although consideration is present however, it cannot be concluded that it was also the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the agreement. In this way, the court has to adopt an objective approach when it has to decide the question if the parties had the intention of being legally bound by the contract (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). In such cases, the law contract provides that when this issue has to be decided by the courts, there are certain presumptions that are applicable in case of different types of contracts. Therefore, when the agreement between the parties is a social or a domestic agreement, the presumption is present according to which, the parties did not have the intention of entering into legal relations (Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd., 1989). As against this position, when a particular agreement has been created by the parties in context of trade or commerce, a presumption exists that this intention was present on the part of the parties to the agreement. Recently in some decisions, it has been mentioned by the High Court of Australia that this presumption cannot be used to deal with the issue of the intention of the parties. Consequently, in each case, it has to be established that the parties had the intention of forming legal relations without the help of these presumpt ions (Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc., 2002). However, in case of domestic family arrangements, it can be presumed that the parties did not have the intention of entering into legal relations, at least when these parties have harmonious relations. The result is that in case of domestic family arrangements, it is not very easy to prove that it was intention of the parties that they should form legal relations for example in Balfour v Balfour (1919). Similarly the facts of Jones v Padavatton (1969) can also be applied to the present case. In this case also, it was the decision of the court that a presumption is present in this case according to which, the parties did not have the intention that the family arrangement, that was based on good faith, should be enforceable in a court of law. In this case, Mrs Padavatton was working in Washington when her mother, Mrs. Jones wanted her to go to London to study at the bar. While at the beginning, Mrs Padavatton was not willing to leave her job but later on she agreed. Mrs. Jones wanted that after completing her study, she should join her legal practice in Trinidad. Under these circumstances, Mrs. Padavatton went to London and started her study. On the other hand, Mrs. Jones started to pay an allowance to her but the allowance proved to be insufficient and she had lived in a single room along with her son. Later on, Mrs. Jones purchased a large house so that her daughter can live comfortably and at the same time, the rent from other rooms can be used by her as the maintenance. But when Mrs. Padavatton could not complete her studies and moreover, he also married someone, Mrs. Jones wanted the possession of the house. On the other hand, Mrs. Padavatton tried to enforce the contract under the law. But the court arrived at the c onclusion that the arrangement between the mother and daughter was domestic in nature and therefore it can be presumed that it was not intended to be enforced by the law. Similarly in this case also, it has to be seen if the promise according to which Richard's father had agreed to pay $200 per week to Richard if he mowed the front and back yards of the property. It also needs to be mentioned at this point that Richard's father had been paying $350 to a garden contractor for the upkeep of the family's property. Later on Richard's father declined to pay the above said amount, and said that as a member of the family it was the responsibility of Richard to look after their property. Richard's father also said that due to the reason that Richard got free board and lodging, Richard should do the work for free. In this case, it is a family arrangement between father and son and as a result can be presumed that the parties are not have the intention of entering into legal relations. As there is no evidence presented by this presumption, it can be said that which it cannot legally enforce the promise made by his father. In his question, Frere Bros have entered into an agreement with the famous film star Joe. According to this contract, Joe agreed to work only in the films being made by Frere Bros during the period of the contract. Although this contract was for five years, in the first year of the contract itself, Joe agreed to work in the film that was being made by Pretty Pictures. Now, Frere Bros. want to know if any remedies are available to them as a result of the breach of contract that Joe is going to commit. In this context, the law contract provides certain remedies to a party to the contract if a breach of contract has taken place on part of the other party. Therefore the main remedies that are available under the contract law to the innocent party include remedies of damages, intention and specific performance. However the remedy of damages can be claimed by the innocent party in case of a breach of contract as a matter of right but remedies of specific performance and specific performance can be granted only at the discretion of the court (Collins, 2003). The result is that whenever there is a breach of contract, and the innocent party has suffered a loss or injury as a result of such grief, the party can claim damages as a matter of right. In this regard, he needs to be mentioned that the damages awarded by the court can be substantial or nominal. The nominal damages awarded by the court when the innocent party has not suffered any significant loss due to the breach of contract (McK endrick, 2009). But when the innocent party has suffered a substantial loss or injury, the court may decide to the substantial damages as the monetary damages. However, substantial damages can be claimed by the innocent party if such a party is in a position to establish that the loss suffered innocent party was the result of such a breach. At the same time, a defense is available to the other party which may claim that reasonable steps are not taken by the innocent party to mitigate the loss. Apart from the remedy of damages, in some cases, the court may also decide to what the remedy of specific performance. At this point it is worth mentioning that it is the discretion of the court to grant the remedy of specific performance. However when the relief of specific performance has been granted by the court, an order is made by the court according to which the other party has to perform its obligations that it was required to perform under the contract. Likewise, the court orders the grant of the remedy of specific performance generally in cases where adequate relief may not be provided by an order of damages. An example of such a situation can be given of the case where the contract has a unique subject matter (Falcke v Gray, 1859). Due to the reason if a replacement can be found of the subject matter of the contract, even if it may take a long time, generally the relief of specific performance will not be awarded by the courts. According to the common law rules that are related with the relief of specific performance, this release will not be awarded by the courts if constant supervision of the court may be required for a considerable period or if the obligations of the parties and the contract have not been mentioned clearly. Hence in Co-op Insurance v Argyll Stores (1997), it was the decision of the court that an order of specific performance cannot be made according to which the shop should be kept open during the normal business hours because it will require constant supervision from the court in order to enforce the order. Apart from these two remedies, in some cases the court may decide to grant an injunction that there has been a breach of contract. However like the media specific performance, an injunction is also an equitable remedy. Consequently, it is the discretion of the court to grant this remedy or not in a particular case. However the court may decide to grant the remedy of injunction only if adequate relief will not be provided to the innocent party by an order of damages for the purpose of compensating the innocent party as in such case, the innocent party wants to prevent the defendant from breaching its contractual obligation (Peel and Treitel, 2011). Therefore in such cases, the court may grant prohibitory injunction or it may order a mandatory injunction. For the purpose of deciding if an injunction should be granted in a particular case, there are certain factors that have to be considered by the court. These factors are the same that need to be considered before making an order of sp ecific performance. For this purpose, the test of balance of convenience is used by the courts. In this test, the court considers it the benefit provided to the injured party outweighs the detriment that will be suffered by the other party. In this way, the contract law provides that an injunction will not be granted by the court if it will result in compelling the other party to do something that cannot be asked to do by a decree of specific performance. On the other hand, if there is an emergency involved, the court may grant an interim injunction according to which the other party will be restrained from acting. Therefore in the present case also, the most adequately remedy that may be claimed by Frere Bros will be the remedy of injunction. According to this remedy, Joe can be prevented from breaching the contract and acting in the film of Pretty Pictures. References Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Collins, H. 2003, Contract Law in Context 4th edn CUP McKendrick, E. 2009 Contract Law 8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel, G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract, 13th edn Sweet and Maxwell Case Law Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd. Supreme Court of New South Wales [1989] 2 NSWLR 309 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571) Co-op Insurance v Argyll Stores ([1997] 3 All ER 297 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 Falcke v Gray ([1859] 4 Drew 651 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 2 All ER 616

Health Care and Faith Diversity Essay Sample free essay sample

In health care. we come across all sorts of people. They all have different demands and wants. We become accustomed to the population that we see. Each of our infirmaries has a bulk. We know. in general. what the bulk of our patients need in respects to religious and cultural attention. Every one time in a piece though. we come across something new and different. something that falls outside of our mundane pattern. When that happens. we have to set our manner of thought and larn new things in order to care for this patient and their household efficaciously and with great attention. This paper will research the differences between the Christian position of wellness attention and healing as opposed to the Buddhist. Native American. and Hindu faiths. Christian Christians believe in God. They believe that the power of supplication can assist mend. They turn to prayer and church when people are ill and injured. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care and Faith Diversity Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and rely on God to assist mend. They turn to physicians and infirmaries. but it is accompanied by religion and supplication. They pray for aid. but do non cognize what assist will be given or how it will be presented. They have faith that God has a program and knows what he is making. Acts 3:16 says â€Å"By religion in the name of Jesus. this adult male whom you see and know was made strong. It is Jesus’ name and the religion that comes through him that has wholly healed him. as you can all see† ( Bible. NIV ) . For Christians. every bit long as they believe in God and inquire for his aid. he will assist. This is what we. in Western medical specialty. see most frequently. Our occupation and preparation is based around this basic premiss that the Christian individual who comes in necessitating attention will accept our Western medical specialty and will add supplication and household to the equation. Hinduism. Buddhism. and Native American civilization are really diffe rent. They have different positions on the significance of life. and the interventions and therapies that they accept as being utile. This paper will research the differences that exist between Christianity and the three other faiths specified. Hindooism Hindooism is one of the oldest life spiritual traditions of the universe. Hinduism has no 1 laminitis or instructor. and is a digest of many different instructions and books. They believe in reincarnation. karma. moksha. Dharma. and artha. Hindus believe that one decease is merely a metempsychosis into a new life while seeking to make Brahman. â€Å"From this belief follows a corollary belief in multiple life-times of being in the yesteryear and the hereafter. life-times in which the quality of one’s present life is determined by the quality of one’s past life as led in old life-times ( karma ) . It is therefore possible to better the quality of one’s life over several lives and attain a better metempsychosis. but the ultimate Hindu spiritual ideal purposes at exceeding the procedure of the rhythm of metempsychosiss itself. The successful attainment of this end is called moksa† ( Sharma. 2002 ) . Christians. in relation. position decease in two ways. decea se of the organic structure and decease of the psyche. The organic structure is of less importance. because it is the psyche that has to run into with God on Judgment twenty-four hours and must turn out its worthiness of being accepted into the Gatess of Eden. Hindus are highly modest. and modesty is increased when the attention supplier is of the opposite gender. They by and large eat a vegetarian diet. and will fast rather frequently. They are really respectful of medical forces. but they are really hesitating to take drugs. and consent to surgery. It is really of import that we explore other options and educate. educate. educate. Buddhism In contrast â€Å"Buddhism goes beyond faith and is more of a doctrine or ‘way of life’ . It is a doctrine because doctrine ‘means love of wisdom’ and the Buddhist way can be summed up as: ( 1 ) to take a moral life. ( 2 ) to be aware and cognizant of ideas and actions. and ( 3 ) to develop wisdom and understanding† ( White. 1993 ) . â€Å"The Buddhist attack to wellness and healing is its accent on religious pattern. Buddhism asserts that religious pattern makes it possible for an person non merely to see chance for pattern in the face of hardship. including illness and hurt. but use the chance for personal transmutation and transcendence† ( Bhikshu. n. d. ) . They believe a quiet and peaceable ambiance is most good when a individual is ill or deceasing. This allows for remainder. every bit good as clip for supplication and speculation. Buddhists believe that it is good to go on populating every bit long as possible. but do non believe that it should be done under all fortunes. Life support machines are non believed to be helpful if the person’s head is no longer alarm. Having an watchful head and non being in inordinate hurting are the two primary factors that affect a Buddhist determination sing the appropriate clip of decease. They prefer that the individual be in a province as stopping point to natural as possible leting for a natural. peaceable passing. Christians do non believe that taking attention of the human organic structure is the lone manner to populate. The organic structure is simply a vas. They are most concerned with their psyche and its well being. So when they get ill or are close to decease. they hope that their psyche is ready for God. Buddhists. like so many other civilizations and faiths. position a posi tive and caring attitude when interacting with the patient as their outlook. They expect to be treated with self-respect and regard. like any other patient. and they want us to be truly sort and compassionate. Native Americans Native Americans are a term used to depict 100s of autochthonal folks of North America. Native American healing is a wide term to depict the healing beliefs and patterns of these people. It includes faith. spiritualty. herbal medical specialty. and rites that they use to handle the people with medical and emotional conditions. â€Å"Traditional Native American therapists aim to â€Å"make whole† by reconstructing wellbeing and harmonious relationships with the community and the spirit nature which is sometimes called God or the Great Mystery† ( Cancer. org. 2008 ) . They believe that everyone and everything is interconnected and in everything there is a spirit or kernel. They believe that unwellness stems from religious jobs. They besides believe that if the individual is imbalanced. diseases are more likely to occupy the organic structure. Therefore. â€Å"their wellness patterns aim to happen and reconstruct balance and integrity in a individual to reconstruct one to a healthy and spiritually pure state† ( Cancer. org. 2008 ) . â€Å"Many Native Americans use their therapists for religious grounds. such as to seek counsel. truth. balance. reassurance. and religious wellbeing while still utilizing conventional medical specialty to cover with ‘white man’s illness’† ( Cancer. org. 2008 ) . They believe that the spirit is an inseparable component of mending. Native Americans. who pattern this type of mending. may either remain out of the infirmary. or be really loath to get down any interventions without first seeking to quiet or pacify the liquors. Christians. in contrast. are more likely to accept intervention and aid from the medical community. but ever maintain in head that the psyche comes foremost. If it comes to their attending that they are deceasing. they truly want to pray and fix the psyche for decease. Deductions for Care As a nurse. the most of import thing you can make. for any and all of your patients. is to happen out how they view wellness and healing. What are their beliefs. and how will that alter their program of attention? We need to happen out who is involved or of import in their healing procedure and how we can ease that procedure. Above all else. the nurse must be compassionate and caring. and understand that merely because it’s different doesn’t mean it’s incorrect. We must educate our egos and be unfastened to their civilization and religion so that we may supply the best possible attention to our patients. Our patients merit to be treated with self-respect. regard. and compassion. While Buddhist and Hindus will appreciate our sort and compassionate attention. Native Americans may be a small more hesitant. However. as with most things. it is all in the attack. It truly is cardinal to each and every individual that you truly are seeking and conforming to their religious demands. otherwise. they will presume and believe that you are being disrespectful and non helpful. As a nurse. we come in contact with so many different people. and throughout your calling you will come across state of affairss and people and religions that will throw you for a cringle. You will hold to educate and research what it is about this patient that you are traveling to necessitate in order to take the best possible attention of the patient that you can. These 3 faiths and religions have many differences and some similarities. No two are precisely the same. Majority of our patients are outside of their kingdom. and they pattern Christianity. We need to suit every individual individual that walks through our door. whether that means praying with them. garnering the appropriate clergy. leting for household interc ession. and supplying for speculation and supplication. Decision As a consequence of this research. it has become clear how small clip is spent on the religious healing of patients. Western medical specialty is what is practiced. Medication dosages. surgical consults. and discharge instruction. We do non turn to the religious side of their wellness and good being adequate. Why? Because that is easiest and that is what we know. We as nurses need to take the enterprise and do certain that all of the information we collect during admittance sing spiritualty and faith is put to utilize and that we ask what it is that we can make in order to assist them integrate their beliefs into their attention. Mentions Bhikshu. K. ( n. d. ) . A Buddhist Approach to Patient Health Care. Retrieved January 25. 2013 from World Wide Web. urbandharma. org/udharma8/health. hypertext markup language. Cancer. org. ( 2008 ) . Native American Healing. Retrieved January 25. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. malignant neoplastic disease. org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/native-american-healing. Sharma. A. ( 2002 ) The Hindu Tradition: Religious Beliefs and Healthcare Decisions. Park Ridge. Illinois: Park Ridge Center. White. B. ( 1993 ) . A Basic Buddhism Guide: A Five Minute Guide. Retrieved January 25. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/5minbud. htm.

Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Essays

Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Essays Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Paper Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Paper Romantic and companionate love How can we distinguish between romantic (or passionate) love and companionate love? Discuss with reference to theory and research. It is said that every human has the desire to affiliate with others and we are not stand-alone units. Despite we may get hurt during the affiliation with the other parties, we still desire to be loved and to avoid being isolated, this is mainly due to the social anxiety and loneliness in our daily lives. Research done by Schachter (1959) presented that, people who is under distressing experience will have the tendency to ook for informal social support or attention of the other people, even if they are completely strangers with each other. Although humans have the strong urge to be loved, they often cannot distinguish between romantic (or passionate) loveand compassionate love. 1 . Lees Typology of Love Theory Therefore, there are a number of theories and research are developed by social psychologists in order to explain the difference between romanticlove and compassionate love. The first one is Lees Typology of Loveproposed by John Allan Lee. According to Gregory P. (2012), Lee opined that there are six types of interpersonal ove comprised of three primary types and three secondary types. In Lees book with the title The Colours of Love,he gives explanation to each type of love and resembles each of them with acolour. Just like the colours of a rainbow that are made up of three primary colours red, blue and yellow, he commented that this is the same to the types of love and by fusing these three primary types of loves, six styles will arise. Eros, Ludus and Storge are the three primary types of loves whereas Mania, Pragma and Agape are the three secondary types of loves after the combination between the rimary styles in various ways. Firstly, Eros (Red) lovers are passionate and constantly searching for passionate lovers too. They view their mate in aesthetic way and this usually involves sensual and sexual enjoyment. Eros is regarded as the stereotype of romantic or passionate love. Secondly, Ludus (Blue) lovers are deemed to be flirty and playful as they view their love as a gameplay. They do not concern much about the commitment towards the relationship because love for them is simple and fun. It is often that their love is full of varieties. Thirdly, Storge (Yellow) lovers are affectionate overs that slowly evolves from friendship due to similarity in taste, preferences and beliefs. For them, friendship and intimacy are more significant than sex and passion. Next, Mania (Violet) is the combination of Eros and Judus. This type of love is of high volatility, which means that it goes between the extremes of highs and lows, thus making the relationship full of uncertainties. Manic lovers get Jealous and obsessed easily and they would like to have a controlling power over their partners and the ending of their relationships are usually so devastating that they will end up ourning their lost love for a long time. In the other hand, Pragma (Greem) is the on logicality and practicality driven by the brains. Normally, cost-and-benefit analysis is done before the relationship is carried out and certain social requirements are needed in order to sustain this type of relationship. Lastly, Agape (Orange) is the combination of Eros and Storge. This type of love is selfless, altruistic and unconditional. Agape seems to be the truest love among the other types of love. Cassie H. (2010) states that Clyde Hendrick and Susan Hendrick expanded on Lees Typology of Love theory through extensive research and found out that relationship based on similar love styles seems to stay longer and thereby concluding that people are inclined to find somebody with same type of love styles as their partners and reject others who do not fulfill into the similarity. This theory narrows down the type of love into six, however, it is superficial to categorize the love into different types and this theory is difficult in distinguishing between passionate love and compassionate love. Need assistance with your paper on a related or a different topic? Team of Ascendnaamba.org, top global MBA essay writing service is ready to help right now! Passionate love versus compassionate love 2. 1 Passionate Love Another theory of love is passionate love versus compassionate love theory developed by Elaine Hatfield. According to Kendra C. (n. d. ), Hatfield divides love into two basic types : passionate love and compassionate love. Passionate love has three components namely cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Cognitive component includes viewing the other person or relationship as an ideal and the urge to get to know each other, emotional component focuses on physiological arousal, sexual attraction and the desire for union while behavioral element involves treating the other and being intimate to him or her. Passionate love is linked with other intense emotions. For instance, when our love is reciprocated, we will undergo closeness, fulfillment and ectasy. Unreciprocated love, on the other side, can be devastating in terms of emotions. It is also suggested that passionate love will arise when we meet someone who is ideal to fit the social norms or cultural expectations about what makes an appropriate partner as well as when we feel physiologically and neuropsychologically aroused thinking about or in the presence of him or her. However, the critism about this that being aroused when we meet the other person oes not necessarily mean that we are in love with them and it is unclear about the reason we fall in love as it is limited to only a few conditions. 2. 2 Compassionate Love According to psychologist Elaine Hatfield (n. . ), Compassionate love has traits such as attachment, intimacy, trust, affection and mutual respect. It usually arises out of the feeling of mutual understanding and shared respect for each other. As contrary to passionate love which is momentary, compassionate love is long-lasting and usually can happen on both close friends or romantic partners. Despite that a passionate love is wild and intense with ups and downs, it will eventually cool down over time and lead to compassionate love which is far more enduring than passionate love. This is healthier for a romantic relationship because it is more comfortable to be a partner who gives you security, shared understanding and mutual respect as highs are Just temporary and will not last forever. It is consistency that keeps a relationship flourish. (Melissa R. , 2008). 2. 3 Similarities Something mutually inclusive between passionate love and compassionate love is hat they both tend to seek a partner who is affectionate, good-looking and who love also have a strong need to live entwined or with each other. Other than that, both of them also requires right timing to be in a relationship. Kendra C. , n. d. ) 2. 4 Differences Passionate love is wild at the commencement of the relationship and slowly fades over time whereas compassionate love is steady and enduring. Passionate lovers are guided by emotions without thinking much of the future while compassionate lovers aim to find a lasting companion. 3. Conclusion Majority of the people yearn for ideal relationships that complement the teadiness of compassionate love with the intensity of passionate love, however, it is believed that this type of relationships is rare. In my opinion, compassionate love is more matured and therefore, should be encouraged among the couples because it is more enduring and truly withstand the test of time. Compassionate love is also good for people for are looking for long lived relationships. However, no matter we are experiencing passionate love or compassionate love, so long as the differences between each other are overlooked and tolerated, this relationship will definitely be healthier. (1250 words)

Academic freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic freedom - Essay Example The problem highlighted by the author here relates to identity, authority and freedom of speech and expression in the world in general. The fact that, nothing in this world is seen in isolation but is relative to other things or dependent on other elements such as culture, religion, geographic similarity, religion, nationality or politics. In light of social sciences and humanities, the author considers race, gender, ethnicity and religion as political factors that hinder learning and knowledge at all levels especially in the academia which is suffering from a lack of academic freedom as the author terms it. He believes that academics forms a basis of what the students would later be like once they leave the academic institute and the social, political and general environment is what defines their future and how they deal with adversities. The realities of social life are bitter but a lot of it can improve if academic culture is transformed. It needs to not teach about a specific dom inant culture and its superiority but it needs to teach people about other cultures and nationalities, about developing tolerance and appreciation for others, about learning what other religions, races and geographically diverse ethnic groups are about. The author argues over the lack of democratic rights, free press and a missing feeling of well-being exists in places like Saudi Arabia, too full of their national pride and religious superiority. In comparison to Arabia, the American academy is seen to be more liberal and diverse, giving the feeling of confidence and freedom to those who belong there. The difference is vast and it is what creates disparities amongst people at a late stage. The argument is in favor of a liberal form of enhanced academic freedom which can help solve problems like national and cultural  intolerance, ethnocentricity and stereotyping.  

Are traditional approaches to security correct to position the STATE Essay - 1

Are traditional approaches to security correct to position the STATE as the referent object of security - Essay Example One should ask themselves whether it is plausible to include other parameters like demography, environment and resources. (Daniel, 1998) This means that the concept of international relations must be redefined; this is because there may be other underlying assumptions that have governed it. There are common strains and factors that have broken national borders. It must also be remembered that communication and information has undergone rapid changes. Besides, finances and capital are flowing all around the world. The clear dividing line that separated foreign and domestic policy is now distorted. This has now caused states to deal with problems in international forums rather than domestically. (Paul, 2000) Security perceptions may either be narrow or wide. Narrow concepts focus on power as the main agenda while wide concepts focus on cooperation. It must be remembered that human rights and international law are crucial determinants in this analysis. There are a number of occurrences that have sparked this debate. The first was the unification of Europe and Germany in the year 1989. Shortly after, there was the September eleventh attack in the year 2001 that posed new challenges to the American government. The security concept is now widening from national security to human or individual security. It has also expanded to include other factors like; actors, food, energy, health and other sectors. (Mathews, 1993) In opposition to the view that national security is of prime importance, other bodies like the United Nations Commission of Human Security have endorsed and proposed the idea of human security. However, traditionalists argue that this concept is too wide. It does not provide a clear outline of cause and effect like national security does. In addition, these conservatives further claim that the concept of global security is a mere complication of an already

Issue Management at Gap Inc. Essay Example for Free

Issue Management at Gap Inc. Essay Introduction Gap Inc. : Low Morale and Absenteeism Low morale and absenteeism of are serious problems of Gap Inc. that cuts across industry. On a distinctive day between 2 and 4% of employees at Gap Inc. fail to show up for work, which does not sound like a high rate of absence, but more time is lost for the reason that of low morale and absenteeism than through strikes and lockouts. The yearly costs of low morale and absenteeism in the United States are estimated to be $29 billion and a change of 4. 99% in the national absence rate changes the gross national product by $10 billion. (London, 2003) A great number of studies are done to identify the determinants of low morale and absenteeism. Many variables are found to be considerably related to indices of absence, the results appear to be unstable across situations and time. The Way Incentives Work Every incentive program is based on a formula for enhancing motivation that engages four fundamental variables: effort, performance, outcomes, and satisfaction. The logic behind these programs goes something like this: employees at Gap Inc. will put in the accurate quantity of effort to meet performance hopes if these part time employees at Gap Inc.obtain the types of outcomes that include pay raises and promotions which will provide part time employees satisfaction. In simpler words, Gap Inc. should provide its employees what they want, and employees will work hard to get it. Effort = Performance = Outcomes= Satisfaction Conversely, the problem with most incentive programs like of Gap Inc. is that they centre exclusively on the submission of outcomes and overlook the three beliefs that are the key to making the motivation solution work: †¢ Can one do it? †¢ Will outcomes be tied to one’s performance? †¢ Will outcomes be satisfying to one? The first conviction compacts with the relationship between employee effort and performance. The second compacts with the relationship between performance and outcomes. And the third compacts with the relationship between outcomes and satisfaction. These three beliefs form the basis of the belief system of motivation and performance. Accepting that these beliefs are decisive preconditions for motivation helps to explain why incentive programs generally yield such lacklustre results like in case of Gap Inc. Since employees do not always hold these beliefs to be true, attempts to improve motivation by using incentives cannot make the grade, even when the incentives are highly desirable ones. Types of Motivation Problems One cannot do it Motivation problem: Lack of confidence Associated feelings: Self-doubt Anxiety Frustration Outcomes are not tied to one’s performance Motivation problem: Lack of trust Associated feelings: Scepticism Disbelief Mistrust Outcomes will not be satisfying to one Motivation problem: Lack of satisfaction Associated feelings: Anger Rebelliousness Low Morale and Absenteeism At Gap Inc. a major transformation attempt only makes difficult the situation. If any of three beliefs are shaky to begin with, organisational change at Gap Inc. can weaken them even further. The result is often serious motivation and performance problems, at a time when organisations can least afford them, and a resultant surge in the negative emotions associated with change. When an employee believes ‘one cannot do it’ for example, one may develop a lack of self-confidence and begin to experience many of the unpleasant feelings that go along with it: self-doubt, anxiety, and frustration. About a year into the change effort, one manager portrayed the inner turmoil one went through by comparing the restructuring to building a ship at the same time one is trying to sail it. (Mele, 2003) Worker beliefs that ‘outcomes are not tied to one’s performance’ can also escort to noteworthy motivation problems, especially lack of trust. This is normally accompanied by feelings of scepticism or disbelief; precisely the emotions that another manager felt when one was told early on change effort that power would be allocated differently. Employee beliefs that ‘outcomes will not be satisfying to one’ often escort to a third major problem, chronic dissatisfaction, and to feelings of anger, rebelliousness, low morale and absenteeism. (Miner, 2002) Like as the negative emotions allied with change can often go undetected, the motivation and performance problems that cause them frequently remain hidden and unresolved. Due to this, managers who lead change are sometimes frustrated in their efforts. They fail to realise that it is not enough to appeal to the intellect of their workers. So managers must also win employees’ hearts in order to implement change successfully. The reason behind why are motivation problems so difficult to uncover is that employees are afraid to speak about them or even admit that they exist like at Gap Inc. Though most employees know when they have a motivation problem, many feel that acknowledging it is tantamount to admitting failure, and, naturally, they do not want to appear weak or incompetent to their manager. The belief system approach is practical method that can help manager at Gap Inc. resolve these problems effectively. It takes the guesswork out of the search for motivation problems and alerts managers to the three principal types: †¢ Motivation problems caused by a lack of confidence. †¢ Motivation problems caused by a lack of trust. †¢ Motivation problems caused by a lack of satisfaction. The approach is based on the expectancy theory of motivation and on the research of Yale University professor Victor H. Vroom. In conducting Vroom’s analyses of why motivation improvement so often fails, Vroom came to the conclusion that motivation at work depends on certain employee expectations or beliefs: that effort will lead to performance, that performance will lead to outcomes, and that these outcomes, when received, will be satisfying. (Thomas, 2004) Like other expectancy theorists, Vroom maintained that the tendency of people to act in certain ways depends on the strength of the expectation that their actions will be followed by certain outcomes and on the perceived value or valence of those outcomes. This combination of expectation and valence is what determines peoples behaviour, Vroom and colleagues argued, and unless both expectation and valence are present to some degree, there will be little or no motivation to act. For example, if a person wants a certain outcome but doesnt feel it can be achieved through one’s efforts, then that person wont be motivated. Similarly, that person will also lack motivation if one believes that a certain outcome can be achieved but is undesirable. The application model relies on structured, facilitated meetings between managers and their direct reports to find the answers to the three basic questions that uncover motivation problems: †¢ Does the employee believe that one’s effort will lead to the expected performance? †¢ Does the employee believe that outcomes will be tied to one’s performance? †¢ Does the employee believe the outcomes will be satisfying? Preconditions for Employee Motivation AT Gap Inc. managers have to note that an employee is motivated to perform when †¢ The employee believes that effort will lead to performance. †¢ The employee believes that performance will lead to outcomes. †¢ The employee believes that outcomes will lead to satisfaction. AT Gap Inc. once a manager has recognised a specific motivation problem, one can then work with the employee to find its cause and develop an appropriate solution. There are several reasons that this model performs far better than managers expect such as: †¢ This model prepares managers and employees for solving motivation problems by getting them to think about these issues before they meet. †¢ This model promotes effective change by clarifying expectations, uncovering hidden agendas, and managing emotions before they escalate. †¢ This model relies on the cooperation and involvement of the one person who knows most about the problem and what may be causing it: the employee. (Caruth, 2001) By gently forcing an accurate diagnosis of problems and their causes, the belief system model increases the prospects of finding good solutions to performance shortfalls. After all, it takes information to solve problems, and the goal of the belief system model is to uncover critical information about performance and motivation and to guide managers and employees in applying it productively. The model works to generate an environment in which managers and employees divide the responsibility for solving performance problems, and it fosters the kind of communication that helps managers maintain the critical preconditions for employee motivation: confidence in their ability to meet performance expectations, trust in others to tie outcomes to performance, and satisfaction with their job and the outcomes that they receive. Works Cited Butkus T. Raymond, Thad B.Green, (1999), Motivation, Beliefs and Organisational Transformation. Quorum Books. Westport, CT. Cameron Judy, Pierce W. David, (2002), Pay and Motivation: Resolving the Controversy. Bergin Garvey. Westport, CT. Caruth L. Donald, Handlogten D. Gail, (2001), Managing Compensation (And Understanding It Too): A Handbook for the Perplexed, Quorum Books. Gorman Phil, (2003), Motivation and Emotion. Routledge. New York. Hanlan Marc, (2004), High Performance Teams: How to Make Them Work, Praeger. London Manuel, (2003), Job Feedback: Giving, Seeking, and Using Feedback for Performance Improvement, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mele R. Alfred, (2003), Motivation and Agency, Oxford University Press. Miner B. John, (2002), Organisational Behaviour: Foundations, Theories, and Analyses, Oxford University Press. Thomas Neil, (2004), The Concise Adair on Teambuilding and Motivation, Thorogood. White Geoff, Druker Janet, (2000), Reward Management: A Critical Text, Routledge. New York.

Dealing With Drugs :: essays research papers

My mother knew sports were the most important thing in my life. She tried to use my love of sports to keep me away from drugs. She told me drugs would keep me from performing at my best when I played football. But I had been reading the sports page since I was a little kid. I knew some of the best athletes in America were using drugs. Guys who could run a hundred yards in less than ten seconds were using drugs. They were doing great. Drugs weren’t hurting their performance. So I didn’t pay any attention to my mother’s warnings, and I started using drugs when I was fifteen (qtd. in Perkins and McMurtrie-Perkins 25-26). On the weekends, there is at least one party planned. Teens will find someway, no matter what to get either drunk or high. Many will lie, steal, or cheat so they can use. Some teens even spend an entire day trying to obtain their drugs of choice. Although many teens don’t use drugs because it is unacceptable, there is an increase in drug use among teens today, because sports athletes, movies, and music make it appear acceptable. It is true, of course, that athletes will and do get reprimanded for the use of drugs, but many still run the risk, and don’t get caught. They either use substances that are illegal in the sport or on the street. Steroids were first used by the Germans in World War II, then the Soviets started using them in sports in the late 1940’s(Cox). It seems that if an athlete gets caught with drugs they receive more publicity, young people see this and think that if they do drugs too then they will get more attention. Furthermore, Many young people consider athletes, actors, actresses, and musicians as role models. They try to model their lives after them, this, many times includes the celebrity’s drug use if they have used before. There are many biographies on television that deal with a celebrity and their drug use. Young people see these bios and think that drug use is just a part of growing up and that they will have to do it sometime so why not get it out of the way (Duncan). Undoubtedly, many actors and actresses have been involved in anti-drug campaigns; still many have been caught or confessed using drugs. They also play many roles in movies and shows in which they use drugs, granted older people know that they are only playing a role, but many younger viewers don’t.

Electronic Intelligence Versus Human Intelligence

It seems that nowadays people pay too much attention to technological advancements that promote information and interpersonal communication. In The Poet and the Computer, Norman Cousins argues that the â€Å"problem of technology is not solely to be more productive and comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. † According to Cousins, the real problem of technology is whether it makes easier or harder for human to know who they are, to identify their real problems.From my point of view, although technology allows people to live easily and efficiently, it cannot inspire people's imagination, nor can it enrich human spirit. Computers can help people access all the information they desire-?new and old, however, as Cousins wrote, â€Å"electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research, but they cannot eliminate the foolishness and decay that come from the unexamined life. † It is u ndeniable that computer made a huge progress in human proficiency, but it also has limitations.People cannot expect electronic brains to help them prevent failures, reflect failures n their lives. Electronic brains know how to decrease â€Å"the profusion of dead end†, but they never reflect those dead ends. Electronic brains are designed to provide the right answers. However, people should not only be satisfied with the results, but also the process. In Chinese schools, teachers often tell students that † failure is the mother of success, you should not be afraid of making mistakes, but you have to learn something from failure, then to prevent it in the future. Therefore, solely depending on technology can only solve issues at hand, being reflective and inconsiderate is the key for human society to make progress. Computers can provide material to get people involved, but they do not identify with the real meaning of the information and stories that they produced. Many people believe that computers can provide the correct answers in the most convenient way. However, sometimes computers cannot process and analyze information to assist people in better understanding.It can also lead to a dead-ended search in some way. Consequently, it is impossible to expect technology to answer the questions that people are filled with. Computer cannot replace human intelligence because technology serves as a medium to assist people in gaining information all over the world. How to further develop the information and to apply it in real lives are the main concerns that need human inputs. Even though technology helps people overcome the obstacles of time and space, it cannot tap into human emotional field.As Cousin states in his article, â€Å"technology cannot connect a man to the things he has to be connected to-?the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth n himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation. † In a â€Å"computerized time†, technology allows people to keep in touch anywhere any time, hence many people consider that social media such as Faceable and Twitter are appropriate for communication. Many of them even have become addicted to social networking. They spend hours looking through pictures, answering comments under each post, and chatting with different strangers.Because social networking is so distracting, people often forget to communicate in the most influential way, which is face-to-face communication. Faceable does affect face-to-face communication because it often takes the expression and emotion out of communication. The Joy of actual seeing someone is crying or laughing is being taken away. A person can put his or her pictures of smiling faces on Faceable, but can others feel his or her emotion simply through that photo? People will become gradually disconnected if they spend too much time on social network rather than emotionally, personally connect with f amily and friends.In modern days, people tend to believe that they can automatically get pleasure and enjoyment whenever they want. However, humans need emotional connection and face-to-face communication in order to experience others' feelings and emotions. Technology has a negative effect on humans because it gives people a sense of accomplishment easily. People will indulge in the acceptability; hence decrease the ability to think by themselves. The main reason for this is technology gives people the opportunity to find answers that others have found before us.People will be satisfied with the answers that was already given instead of coming up with new ideas on their own. As Cousins states, â€Å"The computer knows how to vanquish error, but before we lose ourselves in celebration of victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and dealing with it. † Therefore, people should be aware that even though we are now able to access information rapidly and easily through the Internet than before, it is necessary for us to develop our own thinking ability to meet different challenges.Without the process of struggle and dealing with difficulties, people will easily lose and forget the truths discovered by homeless. Once people start to solely rely on technology, the process of human society will move gradually slowly. Technology is a tool to help people perceive knowledge; and people cannot simply rely on it to solve all kinds of problems. For instance, Google translation is useful software for people to translate different languages. However, it can turn out to be a big problem if people use it in an improper way. In my seminar class, our professor talked about a story, which was related to the technological translation.One of his students once used his mother's engage to write a paper, and then translated it into English by Google's translation. Unfortunately, Google's tran slation could only translate the paper word by word, so that every sentence in the paper was broken. Later on, the student admitted that he translated his paper through Google translation. From this example, it is generally believed that people cannot predominately rely on technology. People should keep a skeptical eye towards the information, which is provided by technology, and then divide the information into useful and useless categories.As Bacon said, â€Å"If we begin tit certainties, we shall end in doubts; but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties. † Consequently, people should not be satisfied with the certain answers produced by technology. It is necessary for people to get rid of the strong feeling of self-achievement which technology directly provides. Life is not the extension of technology, thus the primary purpose of technology should not be replacing human intelligence, but rather, facilitating human society progres s. Technology will always serve as a tool for human intelligence no matter how powerful and strong it becomes.Because humans have their own brains, they can create their own reality through imagination. According to Cousin, â€Å"The poet-?and I use the term to include all those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit-?can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity, hence safeguarding it. † Cousin uses poet to represent humans own imaginative thinking and creativity. He believes the human inputs should be kept as its original form. Therefore, it is important for humans to keep their own spirit and create their own reality, which technology can never replace.We are now experiencing a time when people are easily overwhelmed and distracted. It is generally considered that technology has a negative influence on humans imagination and creativity. It detaches us from others' pain and sorrow, and continuously spread a feeling of instant grati fication. People should be able to use technology for facilitating themselves instead of replacing themselves.

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1693 Words

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was first published on January 28, 1813, and was later republished in May of 2004 by Barnes and Noble. The story follows five young women and their family as they discover what it is to love and to lose love. The Bennets discover how the real world around them views propriety and proper etiquette when it comes to marriages. This tale specifically focuses on one of the eldest daughters, Elizabeth Bennet, as she discovers the true meaning of love from an unexpected source. Despite the fact that this story is about love, it displays many characteristics that were typically of the time period the book is set in, especially in regards to marriage. The interaction between the characters of the novel displays†¦show more content†¦The action begins to rise as Jane Bennet, the eldest daughter, and Mr. Bingley become partial to one another. Everyone around them, including those who disapprove, see an impending marriage. During the progressing relatio nship of Bingley and Jane, the author introduces Mr. Darcy, Bingley’s equally rich friend and a major character, who is intolerably proud. Elizabeth Bennet, the second eldest daughter as well as a major character, despises Darcy and Darcy returns the sentiments. Soon after Jane makes the acquaintance of the Bingley’s, she goes to visit them at their home and falls drastically ill. She is forced to stay there for a long period of time. Elizabeth comes to visit her and also stays. As Darcy spends more time around Elizabeth, he begins to develop feelings for her to his horror. This causes the story to take a turning point due to Darcy’s confusion about his change of feelings, and Darcy experiences a man vs. himself conflict because he desires her against what he knows to be right in the eyes of society. This displays yet another major theme of the story: social class is one of the most important characteristics for a person in the 1800s. Once Jane is well again, th ey return home. One day as the sisters are walking in a town near their home, they meet a militia officer named Mr. Wickham. The sisters soon become very close with

Politicians You Didnt Know Were Also Inventors

What Has Caused the Increased Use of Digital Technology...

Over the last two decades, digital technology has become an essential part of people’s daily life and has caused an enormous influence on how the communication occurs. According to the research of the International Telecommunication Union(ITU), there were only 500 million mobile users in the 2000,but ten years later in the 2010,this number reached 4.6 billion(2010).Digital technology is a base two process, because the digitized information is recorded in binary code which is the combination of the digits 0 and 1. And it is applied in modern electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops. Some of the reasons why there is a increase in the use of digital technology are generally considered to be the effect of conformity, promotion in†¦show more content†¦Moreover, social media is even more important to those who suffer from physical or mental disabilities. †³Social media gives voices to individuals marginalised and ignored by traditional media, enabling the w orld to hear these voices for the first time in history. †³says Glenda Watson(Healey). In the same time, it also give them the tools that can be used to stay connected with the world. And for the ones that suffer from anxiety, they can have opportunities to communicate or play games with other on the internet without feeling anxious(Novotney,2012). Further more, in a study of 63 Cornell University students, researchers have found that people are reported to be more confident after spending time on their Facebook than looking at a mirror(Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking,2011). This is because Facebook can show a positive picture of ourselves, says Jeffrey Hancock, a communications professor of Cornell. But there are also negative influence, people spending too much time online may sacrifice their time spending with real-life friends, this could lead to the loose of face-to-face communication ability. ‘when we do that, we miss the connections that count, wi th the people we love, with our physical surroundings.’ says Turkle , the author of Alone Together. And a study of 99 undergraduates led by HollyShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Icts on Students Academic Performance at University4866 Words   |  20 PagesAllen M. 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Research Project for Gaining Knowledge- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theResearch Project for Gaining Knowledge. Answer: Research Process Research Question: Research question is important in order to conduct the whole research. It is framed while searching the gap of the research in the particular topic. Research question has a vital role in framing the hypothesis of a research study that is the base of framing questionnaires. Research: A thorough research process is essential not only for collecting data from secondary and primary sources but also in gathering a detailed understanding of the topic of the research. Gaining Knowledge and Understanding: A detailed understanding regarding the research topic and the secondary data collected from the credible articles and journals are important in order to reach to a final valid conclusion. It is important in order to cope with the limitations of a research (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault 2015). Important Points: Summary of the important points collected from primary and secondary resources are important so that they can help in generating research question, data analysis and finally discussing the results obtained from the data analysis section. Evaluating Quality Information and Reliability: Evaluation of information is important as it will vary the research results. Credibility and validity of the sources from where the information is taken in order to create the quality results that is to be derived from the sources. Synthesizing a New Idea: After conducting the research, a new perspective will be developed because the topic is researched from primary and secondary sources which are essential for the generation of a proper result of the topic of the research (Zikmund et al., 2013). References Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

On The Job Training free essay sample

On-the-Job-Training or OJT is job training that occurs in the work place. It has many advantages, but it can also have a few disadvantages if the OJT is not planned and executed properly. It is part of a college curriculum that aims to train and orient students about the work and their future career. It is very important not only to teach students their chosen career but to show students the reality about working. On-the-job training, also known as OJT, is teaching the skills, knowledge, and competencies that are needed to perform a specific job within the workplace and work environment. On-the-job training uses the regular or existing workplace tools, machines, documents, equipment, knowledge and skills necessary for a student to learn to effectively perform his or her job in the future. It occurs within the normal working environment an employee will experience on the job. It may occur as the student performs actual work or it may occur elsewhere within the workplace using training rooms, training work stations, or training equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on On The Job Training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the goal of OJT is often to teach basic workplace skills, it also instills aspects of the workplace culture and performance expectations. OJT is also the approach organizations use to provide student trainees on-boarding information. It means that skills can be gained while trainees are carrying out their jobs. This benefits both student trainees and the business. Student Trainees learn in the real work environment and gain experience dealing with the tasks and challenges that they will meet during a normal working day. The business benefits by ensuring that the training is specific to the job. It also does not have to meet the additional costs of providing off-the-job training or losing working time. There are several methods of providing on-the-job training. Four frequently used methods are briefly described here: Coaching – an experienced member of staff will help trainees learn skills and processes through providing instructions or demonstrations (or both). Mentoring – each trainee is allocated to an established member of staff who acts as a guide and helper. A mentor usually offers more personal support than a coach, although the terms ‘mentor’ and ‘coach’ are often used interchangeably. Job rotation – this is where members of staff rotate roles or tasks so that they gain experience of a full range of jobs. ‘Sitting next to Nellie’ – this describes the process of working alongside a colleague to observe and learn the skills needed for a particular process. This can be a faster and more useful way of learning a job role than studying a written manual. The colleague is always on hand to answer any questions or deal with any unexpected problems. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY OS 225 – Office Practicum Course Description This is a training course applying new and previously developed office skills, abilities, and values in actual training. This also involves classroom instructions characterized by a review of general office procedures and application through job exercises. Moreover, simple cases on making decisions and solving problems are discussed. Practical on the job training in an office for 300 hours is the highlight of the course. Credit: 6 units (3 hours lecture, 3 hours coordination per week) Prerequisites: OS 113, OS 121, OS 141, OS 210 to be taken simultaneously Objectives: General Prepare for tomorrow’s office by applying the learned general office procedures in a more realistic approach. Specific 1. Recognize the wide of opportunities of advancement in office work in preparation in a more realistic approach. 2. Applying previously learned skills and knowledge in actual on the training. 3. Integrate previous learning to the level of competencies required to meet business standards. 4. Discharge effectively the duties of the secretary in taking down minutes of meeting 5. Exhibit the ability to coordinate satisfactorily all occupational training in an office job. 6. Write application letters effectively. 7. Develop ability to undergo interview. Values Aims: 1. Develop desirable personality character traits essential to success for office workers. 2. Demonstrate desirable personality character essential to success for office workers. 3. Develop love for work, desirable traits such as efficiency, punctuality, and accuracy, etc. Course Contents Time Allotment FIRST GRADING I. Orientation 2 hours A. PUP Philosophy, Mission and Strategies B. COED Philosophy, Mission and Objectives C. BOA Mission and Objective D. Course Contents, Requirement and Expectations 1. The Cooperative Program 2. Course Requirement 3. Opportunities for Advancement E. Filling up necessary forms for the on-the-job training 1. Personal date / application form 2. Training memorandum sheet 3. Training evaluation sheet II. Looking for a Job3 hours A. Sources of job opening 1. Newspaper advertisements 2. Placement agency 3. Relatives, friends etc. 4. Others B. Preparing and writing application letter 1. Mechanics of an application letter 2. Personal date sheet/bio-data C. Preparing for interview III. Review General Office Procedures6 hours A. Messengerial 1. Delivering mail 2. Running errands 3. Others B. Routinary 1. Screening telephone calls 2. Transferring telephone calls 3. Ushering visitors 4. Sorting files 5. Retrieving files 6. Indexing 7. Typing rough drafts 8. Typing receipts IV. The Secretary-Position and Qualification6 hours A. The Secretary Position 1. Secretary defined 2. Natural of Secretarial Work a. Factors affecting the nature of secretarial work b. Specialized secretarial work 3. Medical 4. Legal 5. Technical B. Specific Duties and Functions of the Secretary C. Handling callers-telephone callers and office callers 1. Types of Caller 2. Telephone Techniques D. Handling appointments 1. Accepting appointments 2. Cancelling appointments E. Filing 1. Basic filing systems and procedures 2. Arrangements of files 3. Types of files 4. Filing equipment and supplies SECOND GRADING F. Dictation and Transcription6 hours 1. The secretary as an A-1 Stenographer 2. Dictation procedures a. Tools used in taking dictation b. Answering the call for dictation c. Proper procedures in taking dictation d. Handling interruptions, pauses, changes while taking dictation e. Dictation problems f. Ending the dictation g. Developing dictation habit 3. Transcriptions System a. Nature of Transcription process 1. Pre-transcription process 2. Transcription aids and techniques 3. Corrects and changes in the dictated material 4. Preparing transcribed material for executive’s signature A. Features of mail able letter 5. Using sources of information a. Standard secretarial references b. References-directories on business concerns and people c. General information G. Handling mails and telegrams 1 Procedures in handling incoming outgoing mails 2 Classes of mails 3. Sending and receiving telegrams 4. Handling meeting and conferences H. Business meetings, conferences, and conventions a. Definitions of meetings, conferences, and conventions b. Major classification of business meetings 1. In house business meetings 2. Off premises meetings c. Distinction between formal and informal meetings 1. Preparations for meetings, conferences, and conventions a. In-house meetings readiness b. Editing and preparing meeting room materials c. Special arrangement for services 2. Duties of the secretary during meetings, conferences, and conventions a. In-house meeting room readiness b. Checklist of arrangement for outside meetings, etc. c. Receiving conference guests 3. Follow-up after meetings, conferences, and conventions a. Duties and activities depend upon whether the executive or boss is the chairperson in meeting b. Preparing for conferences and correspondences, reports meetings, and notation 4. Taking minutes of the meeting a. Preparing for the meeting b. Knowledge of meeting procedures 1. Familiarity with the order of business 2. Recording basic facts about the meeting c Transcribing the minutes of the meeting 1. Knowledge of the format 2. Composing the rough draft 3. Typing minutes in final form 4. Keeping books of the minutes 6. The secretary chair in the meeting a. planning ahead of the meeting b. Application of the parliamentary procedures c. The secretary addresses an audience V. The secretary in the personnel department6 hours A. Function of the personnel Department B. Duties and responsibilities of the secretary in the personnel department 1. Administrative work a. receiving job applicants b. interviewing the applicants c. administering tests 2. Liaison work a. facilitating social and insurance, medical, etc†¦ in proper agencies 3. Clerical work a. Controlling records of personnel 1. Procedures of record keeping 2. Records used in the personnel department b. Entertaining callers c. Scheduling interviews for job applicants Testing and Evaluation A. First Grading 1. Class Standing2/3 a. Recitation b. Quizzes c. Job exercises d. Problem Solving e. Others2 2. Department Test 1/3 a. Midterm B. Second Grading 1. Class Standing1/3 a. Recitation b. Quizzes c. Job Exercises d. Manual 2. Department Test1/3 a. Final Test 3. Actual on-the-job evaluation Final Grade = First grading (1/3) + Second Grading (2/3) Suggested Activities 1. Note taking from lectures 2. Reading from magazines, newspapers, and references dealing with relevant topics 3. Demonstrations and/or illustrations using visual aids like diagrams or charts on relevant subject 4. Skit presentations on relevant topics/role playing 5. Socialize recitations 6. Reporting on certain topics 7. Problem solving on isolated cases 8. Exercise in the application of the rules on indexing 9. Answering job exercises 10. Typing from letters and blank forms 11. Actual on-the-job training in an office completing 300 hours STATEMENT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT: There is a problem in implementing the program of our on-the-job training in our country, one example is that most of the time, the student trainee is not engaged in the jobs that is related to his/her course in that way of implementing the training, the learning that the student may acquire will not be related to his/her career in the future, thus, the training will be in vain. This feasibility study will determine the problems that a student trainee encounters in his/her On-the-Job training and sought to answer the following questions: 1. Did the student trainee have a meaningful task in his/her training? 2. Was the task assigned to the trainee related to his/her course? 3. Did the student trainee have regular supervision and guidance? 4. Did the student trainee acquire new skills in his/her training? PROJECT FRAMEWORK APPROACH: THEORY BASED PRINCIPLE Kirkpatricks Four-Level Training Evaluation Model Analyzing Training Effectiveness If you deliver training for your team or your organization, then you probably know how important it is to measure its effectiveness. After all, you dont want to spend time or money on training that doesnt provide a good return. This is where Kirkpatricks Four-Level Training Evaluation Model can help you objectively analyze the effectiveness and impact of your training, so that you can improve it in the future. In this article, well look at each of the Kirkpatrick four levels, and well examine how you can apply the model to evaluate training. Well also look at some of the situations where the model may not be useful. The Four Levels Donald Kirkpatrick, Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin and past president of the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD), first published his Four-Level Training Evaluation Model in 1959, in the US Training and Development Journal. The model was then updated in 1975, and again in 1994, when he published his best-known work, Evaluating Training Programs. The four levels are: 1. Reaction. 2. Learning. 3. Behavior. 4. Results. Lets look at each level in greater detail. Level 1: Reaction This level measures how your trainees (the people being trained), reacted to the training. Obviously, you want them to feel that the training was a valuable experience, and you want them to feel good about the instructor, the topic, the material, its presentation, and the venue. Its important to measure reaction, because it helps you understand how well the training was received by your audience. It also helps you improve the training for future trainees, including identifying important areas or topics that are missing from the training. Level 2: Learning At level 2, you measure what your trainees have learned. How much has their knowledge increased as a result of the training? When you planned the training session, you hopefully started with a list of specific learning objectives: these should be the starting point for your measurement. Keep in mind that you can measure learning in different ways depending on these objectives, and depending on whether youre interested in changes to knowledge, skills, or attitude. Its important to measure this, because knowing what your trainees are learning and what they arent will help you improve future training. Level 3: Behavior At this level, you evaluate how far your trainees have changed their behavior, based on the training they received. Specifically, this looks at how trainees apply the information. Its important to realize that behavior can only change if conditions are favorable. For instance, imagine youve skipped measurement at the first two Kirkpatrick levels and, when looking at your groups behavior, you determine that no behavior change has taken place. Therefore, you assume that your trainees havent learned anything and that the training was ineffective. However, just because behavior hasnt changed, it doesnt mean that trainees havent learned anything. Perhaps their boss wont let them apply new knowledge. Or, maybe theyve learned everything you taught, but they have no desire to apply the knowledge themselves. Level 4: Results At this level, you analyze the final results of your training. This includes outcomes that you or your organization have determined to be good for business, good for the employees, or good for the bottom line. How to Apply the Model Level 1: Reaction Start by identifying how youll measure reaction. Consider addressing these questions: Did the trainees feel that the training was worth their time? Did they think that it was successful? What were the biggest strengths of the training, and the biggest weaknesses? Did they like the venue and presentation style? Did the training session accommodate their personal learning styles ? Next, identify how you want to measure these reactions. To do this youll typically use employee satisfaction surveys or questionnaires; however you can also watch trainees body language during the training, and get verbal feedback by asking trainees directly about their experience. Once youve gathered this information, look at it carefully. Then, think about what changes you could make, based on your trainees feedback and suggestions. Level 2: Learning To measure learning, start by identifying what you want to evaluate. (These things could be changes in knowledge, skills, or attitudes. ) Its often helpful to measure these areas both before and after training. So, before training commences, test your trainees to determine their knowledge, skill levels, and attitudes. Once training is finished, test your trainees a second time to measure what they have learned, or measure learning with interviews or verbal assessments. Level 3: Behavior It can be challenging to measure behavior effectively. This is a longer-term activity that should take place weeks or months after the initial training. Consider these questions: Did the trainees put any of their learning to use? Are trainees able to teach their new knowledge, skills, or attitudes to other people? Are trainees aware that theyve changed their behavior? One of the best ways to measure behavior is to conduct observations and interviews over time. Also, keep in mind that behavior will only change if conditions are favorable. For instance, effective learning could have taken place in the training session. But, if the overall organizational culture isnt set up for any behavior changes, the trainees might not be able to apply what theyve learned. Alternatively, trainees might not receive support, recognition, or reward for their behavior change from their boss. So, over time, they disregard the skills or knowledge that they have learned, and go back to their old behaviors. Level 4: Results Of all the levels, measuring the final results of the training is likely to be the most costly and time consuming. The biggest challenges are identifying which outcomes, benefits, or final results are most closely linked to the training, and coming up with an effective way to measure these outcomes over the long term. Here are some outcomes to consider, depending on the objectives of your training: Increased employee retention. Increased production. Higher morale. Reduced waste. Increased sales. Higher quality ratings. Increased customer satisfaction. Fewer staff complaints. Considerations Although Kirkpatricks Four-Level Training Evaluation Model is popular and widely used, there are a number of considerations that need to be taken into account when using the model. One issue is that it can be time-consuming and expensive to use levels 3 or 4 of the model, so its not practical for all organizations and situations. This is especially the case for organizations that dont have a dedicated training or human resource department, or for one-off training sessions or programs. In a similar way, it can be expensive and resource intensive to wire up an organization to collect data with the sole purpose of evaluating training at levels 3 and 4. (Whether or not this is practical depends on the systems already in place within the organization. ) The model also assumes that each levels importance is greater than the last level, and that all levels are linked. For instance, it implies that Reaction is less important, ultimately, than Results, and that reactions must be positive for learning to take place. In practice, this may not be the case. Most importantly, organizations change in many ways, and behaviors and results change depending on these, as well as on training. For example, measurable improvements in areas like retention and productivity could result from the arrival of a new boss or from a new computer system, rather than from training. Kirkpatricks model is great for trying to evaluate training in a scientific way, however, so many variables can be changing in fast-changing organizations that analysis at level 4 can be limited in usefulness. Key Points The Kirkpatrick Four-Level Training Evaluation Model helps trainers to measure the effectiveness of their training in an objective way. The model was originally created by Donald Kirkpatrick in 1959, and has since gone through several updates and revisions. The Four-Levels are as follows: 1. Reaction. 2. Learning. 3. Behavior. 4. Results. By going through and analyzing each of these four levels, you can gain a thorough understanding of how effective your training was, and how you can improve in the future. Bear in mind that the model isnt practical in all situations, and that measuring the effectiveness of training with the model can be time-consuming and use a lot of resources. CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE PROJECT: 1. The input contains the problems encountered by the student trainees and the theories that the researchers used as a basis of pursuing this study. 2. The process involves a survey questionnaire that was disseminated to the students of PUPQC, the researchers also have an interview. The process also involves the implementation of the OJT program that is based on the practicum syllabus of the PUPQC, it also involves the memorandum of agreement that was between the school and the company and the process also involves coordination to the administrators of PUPQC. net and to the president of the vox nova, the official publication of PUPQC. 3. The expected output of this study will be a tie-up with PUPQC and the company who will implement the OJT program of PUPQC and the those trusted companies will be advertised in the PUPQC. net and will be included in the publication of Vox Nova. The program process CONTEXTUALIZATION OF THE PROJECT The Program process explained The on-the-job student trainees of PUPQC will let the on-the-job training hunters seek for a company where they can have their on-the-job training and where the OJT program is executed properly. The on-the-job training hunters will be the ones who will process the application of the on-the-job student trainees of PUPQC, they will be paid for this service, and after they found a company that is willing to implement the OJT program of PUPQC, the OJT student will now be sent to the office for physical appearance and exams to be able to be accepted to the recommended company, after the student trainees were accepted in the recommended company, the OJT professor and the OJT hunters will monitor the company, if the trainees are trained properly and if the OJT program is executed properly. If they found out that the student trainees is being trained well and the OJT program is executed properly the company will be given a certificate that will certify them as an industrial partner of PUP, and their company logo and profile will be advertised at the PUPQC. net and to the Vox Nova (the official publication of PUPQC), and they will be given a booth each and every time that there is a job fair in PUP. KEY ASSUMPTIONS Nowadays, On-the-job trainees have no special training and not designated to his/her course or designated but not requiring them of job rotation causing to limited learning. On-the-Job-Training with industrial partners will be the way for the On the Job training program to be implemented properly. CHAPTER 2-TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY Technical Requirements A detailed description of technical requirements, usually with specific acceptance criteria, stated in terms suitable to form the basis for the actual design development and production processes of an item having the qualities specified in the operational characteristics. Existence On-The-Job Training program for students is always available in companies with different nature in the Philippines. OJT is a part of curriculum of every college and university in the Philippines. Economist Bernardo Villegas reports that DTS graduates in the Philippines are more than just skilled technicians. Besides their technical skills, Villegas adds, they are steeped in virtues and work values that make them contribute significantly to their company’s productivity and esteemed citizen-workers in their communities. In 2009, there were 348 TESDA accredited companies and 57 schools in the DTS program. Some 1, 009 trainees were enrolled in various training qualifications and 1,187 trainees competed their training during the year. DTS model implementors include the partnerships of Punlaan School and EDSA Shangri-la Hotel for food and beverage services and Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades and Fujitso Ten Corporation, Philippines in electronics technology. Foreign chambers of commerce based in Manila acknowledge the advantages of dual training and the need for students to undergo longer and rigorous internships in companies to equip them with better skills. Chris Ward, board member of the Australia-New Zealand Chamber of Commerce, said that there is a need to develop a dual training program where college students will have longer working hours in companies. The Meralco Technological Institute (formerly Meralco Foundation) has been offering scholarships for two-year DTS courses in automotive and motorcycle technology, industrial mechatronics, refrigeration and air-conditioning, network administration, and marine technology. The dual training system in the Philippines One of the more preferred training modality for enterprise-based training in the Philippines today is the dual training system (DTS) being implemented by TESDA. The DTS, as its name suggests, is a training modality that combines theoretical and practical training. It is called dual training because learning takes place alternately in two venues: the school or training center and the company or workshop. In DTS, the school and workplace share the responsibility of providing trainees with well-coordinated learning experiences and opportunities. This close cooperation between the school and the company ensures that the trainees are fully equipped with employable skills, work knowledge, and attitudes at the end of the training. The general and occupation-related theoretical instruction provided by the school is complemented by on-the-job training in the workplace. Trainees under the DTS spend at least 40 percent of the training/learning time in school and 60 percent for practical training in the company. Dual approach in training The dual approach in education and training has been put to work in such country programs as apprenticeship, on-the-job training, supervised industry training, practicum and internship. The German model of the DTS was first introduced in the Philippines in the 1980s through a joint project of the Southeast Asian Science Foundation and the Hanns Seidel Foundation in the pioneer school- Dualtech Training Center. The Dualtech experience was replicated in select public and private technical schools nationwide by the then Bureau of Technical and Vocational Education in 1991. In February 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos signed into law Republic Act No. 7686 or the Dual Training System Act of 1994 which calls for the institutionalization of the DTS in accredited public and private educational institutions, training centers, and agricultural, industrial and business establishments. Under the DTS Law, TESDA is mandated to promote, coordinate, and administer the dual training system. The school-industry partnership component of the system is a vital determinant of program success and effectiveness. They start working together in making the training plan and determining the best way by which the trainee can learn as much knowledge and skills during the training period. Two training venues In school, the trainee learns basic trade theory, work values, good citizenship, safety and related theory subjects in mathematics, drawing and social sciences. At the company or workshop, the trainees learn job skills through practical exercises using state of the art technology. Aside from technical skills, the trainees also learn good work habits and how to get along well with others. The many benefits for the trainee, school or training institution, and the company made the DTS click as a training modality. The trainees’ access to the expertise and resources available and the well-coordinated delivery of instructional activities in both learning venues guarantees quality and relevant training. DTS graduates are equipped with up-to-date and appropriate work knowledge, skills and attitudes making them highly competitive and â€Å"wanted† in the labor market. The companies’ participation in drawing up the DTS training plan helps ensure that the workers being trained are the type and quality that industry requires. Optimum use of school and company facilities and resources allows the admission of more trainees- mostly from poor families who have no means of attending vocational training courses in fee-charging schools and training centers. Availability On the job training is offered in many different firms in the Philippines. Nowadays, there are several companies in the Philippines who have an On-The-Job training program it includes the government sector and the private sector as well, in the private sector there are different industries that are using On-The-Job training program, we have the manufacturing industry, service industry, merchandising industry. Many firms nowadays especially in government agencies, do not give allowances to their student trainees, and the job that they provide for their student trainee is not related to the course of the trainee. Limitations and Constraints Some of the firms are taking the on the job training for students, lightly. Thus, we have formed these agreements in our Memorandum-of-agreement to ensure that the student trainees will be engage in actual jobs that is related to their courses. The limitations and constraints of this project, is based on the memorandum-of-agreement issued by the university/college to the company who will implement the propose project. These are the following terms and conditions included in the MOA: A. The UNIVERSITY shall: 1. provide the on-the-job student-trainee the basic orientation on work values, behavior, and discipline to ensure smooth cooperation with the COMPANY; 2. issue an official endorsement vouching for the well being of the on-the-job student-trainee which shall be used by the COMPANY for processing the application of the student-trainee; 3. coordinate with the company/office/firm on the implementation of the existing training standard; 4. require trainee to keep updated report book ready for inspection at any given time; 5. provide administrative support for the monitoring of attendance and performance of the trainees undergoing on-the-job training; 6. ensure that the provision of this agreement are properly implemented and coordinated in the company for the purpose of ensuring high standard of training under the ______________________(course of student). B. The COMPANY shall: 1. Not be obliged to employ student-trainee upon completion of the training; but the COMPANY may absorb a student-trainee who has an outstanding performance. 2. require qualified students to submit themselves to examinations, interviews, and file pertinent documents to support their application; 3. assure that the trainees proper work values and attitude are matched with the company’s requirements or corporate values and culture. 4. accommodate trainees for supervised in-plant training for a period of _________ hours; 5. make available, free of charge, the consumable materials and basic hand tools and equipment necessary for the training; 6. Designate trainees to respective workstation eight hours daily and may be requested to work beyond eight hours and be paid accordingly. Provided, there are no regular workers to do the job and the job is of the kind where the trainee has already demonstrated high proficiency. The excess hour rendered shall be paid training allowance based on the overtime scheme of the company; 7. allow practicum coordinator of ________(name of school) to visit the station at least four days in a month to monitor the status of the program; 8. ensure that the provisions of this agreement are properly implemented and coordinated with PUP QC for the purpose of ensuring high standards of training under the program; 9. provide first-aid assistance to the trainee when injured while in the performance of his/her assigned task. C. The STUDENT shall: 1. Be personally responsible for any and all liabilities arising from negligence in the performance of his/her duties and functions while under training. D. The following terms and conditions are likewise included: 1. The COMPANY reserves the right to discontinue the On-the-Job Training of the trainee on reasonable grounds upon written notice to the party of the first part. The discontinuation shall take effect immediately upon receipt of the said notice. The reasonable grounds that may terminate the trainees training are the following: Habitual absenteeism from in-plant and related theoretical instruction. Willful disobedience of company rules or insubordination to lawful order of superior; Poor physical condition, permanent disability or prolonged illness which incapacitates the trainee from working; Theft or malicious destruction of company property and or equipment; Inefficiency of performance on the in-plant/school training for a prolonged period despite warnings duly given to the trainee. Engaging in violence or other form of gross misconduct inside the company’s premises. 2. The University may likewise, pull-out trainees from the in-plant training for reasonable grounds after a written no